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Numerous other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or highly regarded people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some reliability as a religious beliefs in many countries, Scientology has likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game people it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal check these guys out action against and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The pop over here case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in an internet poll run by the governmental shift group getting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a business business, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor you can try here - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No person or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive strategies in resolving those it views as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.